Wikimedia wikis currently use FancyCaptcha, which is considered ineffective. It is proposed that reCaptcha may be used, but it's rejected for several reasons (see T174861: CAPTCHA ineffective, consider using reCAPTCHA).
On the contrary there're several tools in Labs (https://utrs.wmflabs.org/ for example) currently uses reCaptcha. This may have privacy issue (T133919: [EPIC] Protect end-user privacy by restricting non-consensual third-party browser interactions).
As a compromise, I think we may create a Wikimedia CAPTCHA service which can be used by Wikimedia sites, external MediaWiki sites and tools hosted in Cloud VPS and Toolforge.