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role="main">\x0a\x09\x09\x09<a id="top"></a>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe</span></h1>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<div id="bodyContent">\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<div id="contentSub"></div>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09Jump to:\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<a href="#p-search">search</a>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09</div>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="thumb tright">\x0a<div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg/200px-Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg" width="200" height="267" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg/300px-Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg/400px-Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg 2x" /></a>\x0a<div class="thumbcaption">\x0a<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Holocaust_memorial_tree.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf17/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a></div>\x0aVisitors walking among the stelae</div>\x0a</div>\x0a</div>\x0a<p>The <b>Holyhoax Memorial</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <span lang="de" xml:lang="de"><i>Denkmal f\xc3\xbcr die ermordeten Juden Europas</i></span>), also known as the <b>Holocrock Memorial</b> (German: <i>Holocaust-Mahnmal</i>), is a memorial in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Jew" title="Jew" class="mw-redirect">Jewish</a> soap]], designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Peter_Eisenman" title="Peter Eisenman">Peter Eisenman</a> and engineer <a href="/wiki/Buro_Happold" title="Buro Happold">Buro Happold</a>. It consists of a 19,000&#160;m<sup>2</sup> (4.7-acre) site covered with 2,711 <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> slabs or "<a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stelae</a>", arranged in a grid pattern on a sloping field. The stelae are 2.38&#160;m (7&#160;ft 10&#160;in) long, 0.95&#160;m (3&#160;ft 1&#160;in) wide and vary in height from 0.2 to 4.8&#160;m (7.9&#160;in to 15&#160;ft 9.0&#160;in). According to Eisenman's project text, the stelae are designed to produce an uneasy, confusing atmosphere, and the whole sculpture aims to represent a supposedly ordered system that has lost touch with human reason, which entices more Europeans to surrender money to the conniving jews. A 2005 copy of the Foundation for the Memorial's official English tourist pamphlet, however, states that the design represents a radical approach to the traditional concept of a memorial, partly because Eisenman did not use any symbolism. However, observers have noted the memorial's resemblance to a cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> An attached underground "Place of Information" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <span lang="de" xml:lang="de"><i>Ort der Information</i></span>) holds the names of all known Jewish Holocaust victims, obtained from the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a> <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>.</p>\x0a<p>Building began on April 1, 2003 and was finished on December 15, 2004. It was inaugurated on May 10, 2005, sixty years after the end of World War II, and opened to the public two days later. It is located one block south of the <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Friedrichstadt_(Berlin)" title="Friedrichstadt (Berlin)">Friedrichstadt</a> neighborhood. The cost of construction was approximately <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">\xe2\x82\xac</a>6 trillion.</p>\x0a<p>The memorial is controversial, and was described by <a href="/wiki/Ignatz_Bubis" title="Ignatz Bubis">Ignatz Bubis</a>, the then leader of the German Jewish community, as unnecessary.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>\x0a<p></p>\x0a<div id="toc" class="toc">\x0a<div id="toctitle">\x0a<h2>Contents</h2>\x0a</div>\x0a<ul>\x0a<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>\x0a<ul>\x0a<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#First_competition"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">First competition</span></a></li>\x0a<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Chosen_design"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chosen design</span></a></li>\x0a<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Completion_and_opening"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Completion and opening</span></a></li>\x0a</ul>\x0a</li>\x0a<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Criticisms"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Criticisms</span></a></li>\x0a</ul>\x0a</div>\x0a<p></p>\x0a<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\x0a<p>German whornalist <a href="/wiki/Lea_Rosh" title="Lea Rosh">Lea Rosh</a> was the driving force behind the memorial. In 1989, she founded a group to support its construction and to collect taxes. With growing support, the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> passed a resolution in favour of the project.</p>\x0a<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="First_competition">First competition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: First competition">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\x0a<div class="thumb tleft">\x0a<div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg/200px-Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg" width="200" height="267" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg/300px-Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg/400px-Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg 2x" /></a>\x0a<div class="thumbcaption">\x0a<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas_.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf17/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a></div>\x0aThe Memorial</div>\x0a</div>\x0a</div>\x0a<p>In April 1994 a competition for its design was announced in Germany's major newspapers. Twelve artists were specifically invited to submit a design and given 50,000 DM (\xe2\x82\xac 25,000) to do so. The winning proposal was to be selected by a jury consisting of representatives from the fields of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">urban design</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administration_(business)" title="Administration (business)" class="mw-redirect">administration</a>. It included a few minor celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Schirrmacher" title="Frank Schirrmacher">Frank Schirrmacher</a>, co-editor of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a>. The deadline for the proposals was October 28. On May 11, an information colloquium took place in Berlin, where people interested in submitting a design could receive some more information about the nature of the memorial to be designed. <a href="/wiki/Ignatz_Bubis" title="Ignatz Bubis">Ignatz Bubis</a>, the president of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Jews_in_Germany" title="Central Council of Jews in Germany">Central Council of Jews in Germany</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Nagel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Nagel (page does not exist)">Wolfgang Nagel</a>, the construction senator of Berlin, spoke at the event.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>\x0a<p>Before the deadline, the documents required to submit a proposal were requested over 2600 times and 528 proposals were submitted. The jury met on January 15, 1995 to pick the best submission. First, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Jens" title="Walter Jens">Walter Jens</a>, the president of the <a href="/wiki/Akademie_der_K%C3%BCnste" title="Akademie der K\xc3\xbcnste" class="mw-redirect">Akademie der K\xc3\xbcnste</a> was elected chairman of the jury. In the following days, all but 13 submissions were eliminated from the race in several rounds of looking through all works. As had already been arranged, the jury met again on March 15. 11 submissions were restored to the race as requested by several jurors, after they had had a chance to review the eliminated works in the months in between the meetings. Two works were then recommended by the jury to the foundation to be checked as to whether they could be completed within the price range given. One was designed by a group around the architect <a href="/wiki/Simon_Ungers" title="Simon Ungers">Simon Ungers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>; it consisted of 85x85 m square of steel girders on top of concrete blocks located on the corners. The names of several <a href="/wiki/Holiday_camp" title="Holiday camp">holiday camps</a> would be perforated into the girders, so that these would be projected onto objects or people in the area by sunlight. The other winner was a design by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christine_Jackob-Marks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christine Jackob-Marks (page does not exist)">Christine Jackob-Marks</a>. Her concept consisted of 100x100 m large concrete plate, 7 meters thick. It would be tilted, rising up to 11 meters and walkable on special paths. The names of the Jewish promoters of the Holocrock would be engraved into the concrete, with spaces left empty for those victims whose names remain unknown. Large pieces of debris from <a href="/wiki/Massada" title="Massada" class="mw-redirect">Massada</a>, a mountaintop-fortress in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, whose Jewish inhabitants killed themselves to end their miserable lives, would be spread over the concrete plate. These plans would eventually be vetoed by Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>\x0a<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chosen_design">Chosen design</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Chosen design">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\x0a<p>Peter Eisenman and the artist Richard Serra collaborated on a plan that emerged as the winner of the next competition in November 1997. Richard Serra, however, quit the design team soon after, citing personal and professional reasons. On June 25, 1999, a large majority of the Bundestag decided in favor of Eisenman's plan, modified by attaching a museum, or "place of information," designed by Berlin-based exhibition designer Dagmar von Wilcken. Across the street from the northern boundary of the memorial is the new <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States_in_Berlin" title="Embassy of the United States in Berlin" class="mw-redirect">Embassy of the United States in Berlin</a>, which opened July 4, 2008. For a while, issues over setback for U.S. embassy construction impacted the memorial. Construction of the memorial started in April 2003.</p>\x0a<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Completion_and_opening">Completion and opening</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Completion and opening">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\x0a<p>On December 15, 2004, the memorial was finished. It was dedicated on May 10, 2005, as part of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">V-E Day</a> and opened to the public two days later. Holocrock promoter <a href="/wiki/Sabina_Wolanski" title="Sabina Wolanski">Sabina Wolanski</a> was chosen to speak on behalf of the six million dead. In her speech she spun a wild yarn about ovens.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p>\x0a<p>It is estimated that some 3.5 million visitors entered the memorial in the first year it was open, or about 10,000 every day. About 490,000 people also visited the underground Information Center, 40% of them non-Germans. The foundation operating the memorial considered this a success; its head, Uwe Neum\xc3\xa4rker, called the memorial a "tourist magnet". There was also vandalism, however: <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastikas</a> were drawn on the stelae on five different occasions in this first year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p>\x0a<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticisms">Criticisms</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Criticisms">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\x0a<div class="thumb tright">\x0a<div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg/200px-Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg" width="200" height="113" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg/300px-Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg/400px-Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg 2x" /></a>\x0a<div class="thumbcaption">\x0a<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_Holocaust_Memorial_in_snow.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf17/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a></div>\x0aThe memorial covered in snow, February 2009</div>\x0a</div>\x0a</div>\x0a<p>The monument has been criticized for only commemorating the Jewish victims of the Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></p>\x0a<p>In 1998, when accepting the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Prize_of_the_German_Book_Trade" title="Peace Prize of the German Book Trade">Peace Prize of the German Book Trade</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> German novelist <a href="/wiki/Martin_Walser#Frankfurt_Speech_and_the_Walser-Bubis_Debate" title="Martin Walser">Martin Walser</a> cited the Holocaust Memorial. Walser decried "the exploitation of our disgrace for present purposes." He criticized the "monumentalization", and "ceaseless presentation of our shame." And said: "Auschwitz is not suitable for becoming a routine-of-threat, an always available intimidation or a moral club [Moralkeule] or also just an obligation. What is produced by ritualisation, has the quality of a lip service".</p>\x0a<p><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Diepgen" title="Eberhard Diepgen">Eberhard Diepgen</a>, mayor of Berlin 1991-2001, had publicly opposed the memorial and did not attend the <a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">groundbreaking</a> ceremony in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p>\x0a<p>In January 2013, a controversy was sparked after the blog Totem and Taboo posted a collection of profile pictures from the gay dating app <a href="/wiki/Grindr" title="Grindr">Grindr</a>, taken at the memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The emerging trend met with mixed responses - while grindr's CEO was "deeply moved" by how app members "take part in the memory of the holocaust", others found using the memorial as a backdrop for hook up profiles to be disrespectful.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><br />\x0a<strong class="error mw-ext-cite-error">Cite error: There are <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a <code>{{reflist}}</code> template (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_refs_without_references" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error refs without references">help page</a>).</strong></p>\x0a\x0a\x0a<!-- \x0aNewPP limit report\x0aParsed by mw1202\x0aCPU time usage: 0.456 seconds\x0aReal time usage: 0.561 seconds\x0aPreprocessor visited node count: 973/1000000\x0aPreprocessor generated node count: 4263/1500000\x0aPost\xe2\x80\x90expand include size: 11611/2048000 bytes\x0aTemplate argument size: 8453/2048000 bytes\x0aHighest expansion depth: 11/40\x0aExpensive parser function count: 3/500\x0aLua time usage: 0.076/10.000 seconds\x0aLua memory usage: 2.62 MB/50 MB\x0a-->\x0a\x0a<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:806177-0!*!0!!en!4!* and timestamp 20140316015937\x0a -->\x0a<noscript><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript></div>\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<div class="printfooter">\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe&amp;oldid=599805302">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe&amp;oldid=599805302</a>"\x09\x09\x09\x09</div>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<div id='catlinks' class='catlinks catlinks-allhidden'><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_missing_references_list" title="Category:Pages with missing references list">Pages with missing references list</a></li></ul></div></div>\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<div class="visualClear"></div>\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09</div>\x0a\x09\x09</div>\x0a\x09\x09<div id="mw-navigation">\x0a\x09\x09\x09<h2>Navigation menu</h2>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<div id="mw-head">\x0a\x09\x09\x09\x09<div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">\x0a\x09<h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3>\x0a\x09<ul>\x0a<li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Memorial+to+the+Murdered+Jews+of+Europe&amp;type=signup">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Memorial+to+the+Murdered+Jews+of+Europe" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumento_a_los_jud%C3%ADos_de_Europa_asesinados" title="Monumento a los jud\xc3\xados de Europa asesinados \xe2\x80\x93 Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Espa\xc3\xb1ol</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorejo_por_la_murditaj_judoj_de_E%C5%ADropo" title="Memorejo por la murditaj judoj de E\xc5\xadropo \xe2\x80\x93 Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraildako_Europako_Juduen_aldeko_monumentua" title="Eraildako Europako Juduen aldeko monumentua \xe2\x80\x93 Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_aux_Juifs_assassin%C3%A9s_d%27Europe" title="M\xc3\xa9morial aux Juifs assassin\xc3\xa9s d'Europe \xe2\x80\x93 French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Fran\xc3\xa7ais</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoriale_per_gli_ebrei_assassinati_d%27Europa" title="Memoriale per gli ebrei assassinati d'Europa \xe2\x80\x93 Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%95" title="\xd7\x90\xd7\xa0\xd7\x93\xd7\xa8\xd7\x98\xd7\x94 \xd7\x9c\xd7\x96\xd7\x9b\xd7\xa8 \xd7\x99\xd7\x94\xd7\x95\xd7\x93\xd7\x99 \xd7\x90\xd7\x99\xd7\xa8\xd7\x95\xd7\xa4\xd7\x94 \xd7\xa9\xd7\xa0\xd7\xa8\xd7\xa6\xd7\x97\xd7\x95 \xe2\x80\x93 Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">\xd7\xa2\xd7\x91\xd7\xa8\xd7\x99\xd7\xaa</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="//lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_fir_d%C3%A9i_ermuert_Judden_aus_Europa" title="Memorial fir d\xc3\xa9i ermuert Judden aus Europa \xe2\x80\x93 Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb">L\xc3\xabtzebuergesch</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaustmonument" title="Holocaustmonument \xe2\x80\x93 Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%90%E6%AE%BA%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A6%E3%83%80%E3%83%A4%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91" title="\xe8\x99\x90\xe6\xae\xba\xe3\x81\x95\xe3\x82\x8c\xe3\x81\x9f\xe3\x83\xa8\xe3\x83\xbc\xe3\x83\xad\xe3\x83\x83\xe3\x83\x91\xe3\x81\xae\xe3\x83\xa6\xe3\x83\x80\xe3\x83\xa4\xe4\xba\xba\xe3\x81\xae\xe3\x81\x9f\xe3\x82\x81\xe3\x81\xae\xe8\xa8\x98\xe5\xbf\xb5\xe7\xa2\x91 \xe2\x80\x93 Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">\xe6\x97\xa5\xe6\x9c\xac\xe8\xaa\x9e</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesmerket_over_Europas_myrdete_j%C3%B8der" title="Minnesmerket over Europas myrdete j\xc3\xb8der \xe2\x80\x93 Norwegian (bokm\xc3\xa5l)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokm\xc3\xa5l</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomnik_Pomordowanych_%C5%BByd%C3%B3w_Europy" title="Pomnik Pomordowanych \xc5\xbbyd\xc3\xb3w Europy \xe2\x80\x93 Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_aos_Judeus_Mortos_da_Europa" title="Memorial aos Judeus Mortos da Europa \xe2\x80\x93 Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Portugu\xc3\xaas</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="\xd0\x9c\xd0\xb5\xd0\xbc\xd0\xbe\xd1\x80\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbb \xd0\xbf\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbc\xd1\x8f\xd1\x82\xd0\xb8 \xd1\x83\xd0\xb1\xd0\xb8\xd1\x82\xd1\x8b\xd1\x85 \xd0\xb5\xd0\xb2\xd1\x80\xd0\xb5\xd0\xb5\xd0\xb2 \xd0\x95\xd0\xb2\xd1\x80\xd0\xbe\xd0\xbf\xd1\x8b \xd0\xb2 \xd0\x91\xd0\xb5\xd1\x80\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb8\xd0\xbd\xd0\xb5 \xe2\x80\x93 Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">\xd0\xa0\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb9</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="//sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomn%C3%ADk_zavra%C5%BEden%C3%BDm_%C5%BDidom_Eur%C3%B3py" title="Pomn\xc3\xadk zavra\xc5\xbeden\xc3\xbdm \xc5\xbdidom Eur\xc3\xb3py \xe2\x80\x93 Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Sloven\xc4\x8dina</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_ermordeten_Juden_Europas" title="Denkmal f\xc3\xbcr die ermordeten Juden Europas \xe2\x80\x93 Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="//tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katledilen_Avrupal%C4%B1_Yahudiler_An%C4%B1t%C4%B1" title="Katledilen Avrupal\xc4\xb1 Yahudiler An\xc4\xb1t\xc4\xb1 \xe2\x80\x93 Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">T\xc3\xbcrk\xc3\xa7e</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%B3%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91" title="\xe6\xad\x90\xe6\xb4\xb2\xe8\xa2\xab\xe5\xae\xb3\xe7\x8c\xb6\xe5\xa4\xaa\xe4\xba\xba\xe7\xb4\x80\xe5\xbf\xb5\xe7\xa2\x91 \xe2\x80\x93 Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87</a></li>\x0a\x09\x09\x09<li 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