We've noticed a very significant increase in 404s on cache_upload starting on 2016-11-22.
The requested file is https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/KrisKobach.jpg, and from the referal we've found out that graphiq.com is responsible for those requests.
The reason for such a significant increase seems to be a bug in graphiq.com's javascript code:
<img class='ew-image ' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KrisKobach.jpg/250px-KrisKobach.jpg' width='180px' height=180px onerror='if(this.errr){$(this).remove();}this.errr=1;this.src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/KrisKobach.jpg";'/>Neither of the two URLs in the snippet above can be found on upload, resulting in a endless attempt to load the second one.
We might want to deploy a workaround (eg: returning 401s instead of 404s for such requests) in case the situation gets worse.