The French wiktionary currently uses https://anagrimes.toolforge.org/hasard.php to offer a Special:Random feature, by language.
https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionnaire:Page_au_hasard
https://anagrimes.toolforge.org/hasard.php?langue=fr
This kind of stable feature relying on external tools is something good to convert into a MediaWiki extension.
This first needs to have a database table with the Wiktionary words.