Short array syntax appeared in the 1.23.16 patch, which is not compatible with PHP 5.3.
@tstarling noticed and patched this, but this occurred after 1.23.16 was released, so 1.23.16 is effectively broken for PHP 5.3 users.
See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Todfj3kynykwehky for a Support Desk thread about this.