When trying to upgrade from 1.27 to 1.31 I had a problem similar to the one that @saper mentions here in that Flow had to be disabled to allow the upgrade to continue.
Backtrace:
$ php maintenance/update.php --quick [f1176bd1dfbfee6a5eacda68] [no req] Wikimedia\Rdbms\DBQueryError from line 1457 of includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php: A database query error has occurred. Did you forget to run your application's database schema updater after upgrading? Query: SELECT ug_user,ug_group,ug_expiry FROM `user_groups` WHERE ug_user = '31674' Function: UserGroupMembership::getMembershipsForUser Error: 1054 Unknown column 'ug_expiry' in 'field list' (10.5.5.1) Backtrace: #0 includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php(1427): Wikimedia\Rdbms\Database->makeQueryException(string, integer, string, string) #1 includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php(1200): Wikimedia\Rdbms\Database->reportQueryError(string, integer, string, string, boolean) #2 includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php(1653): Wikimedia\Rdbms\Database->query(string, string) #3 includes/user/UserGroupMembership.php(318): Wikimedia\Rdbms\Database->select(string, array, array, string) #4 includes/user/User.php(1571): UserGroupMembership::getMembershipsForUser(integer, Wikimedia\Rdbms\DatabaseMysqli) #5 includes/user/User.php(3514): User->loadGroups() #6 /home/mah/client/cop-upgrade/extensions/Flow/includes/TalkpageManager.php(260): User->getGroups() #7 /home/mah/client/cop-upgrade/extensions/Flow/includes/Conversion/Utils.php(470): Flow\TalkpageManager->getTalkpageManager() #8 /home/mah/client/cop-upgrade/extensions/Flow/includes/Conversion/Utils.php(320): Flow\Conversion\Utils::generateForwardedCookieForCli() #9 /home/mah/client/cop-upgrade/extensions/Flow/includes/Conversion/Utils.php(258): Flow\Conversion\Utils::makeVRSObject() #10 /home/mah/client/cop-upgrade/extensions/Flow/includes/Conversion/Utils.php(228): Flow\Conversion\Utils::getVRSObject() #11 /home/mah/client/cop-upgrade/extensions/Flow/Hooks.php(167): Flow\Conversion\Utils::isParsoidConfigured() #12 includes/Setup.php(940): FlowHooks::initFlowExtension() #13 maintenance/doMaintenance.php(81): require_once(string) #14 maintenance/update.php(245): require_once(string) #15 {main}