As reported by @Jonesey95 in T257066#6568853, MediaWiki-extensions-Score in its current mostly-disabled state (see T257066: Extension:Score / Lilypond is disabled on all wikis) seems to break the parsing of unrelated extension tags following the <score> tag. Compare:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circle_of_fifths&oldid=981481037#Chromatic_circle
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circle_of_fifths&oldid=984700416#Chromatic_circle
with the only difference being that the score tag is commented out in the latter. In the non-commented-out version, <math> tags following the <score> are replaced with a strip marker, instead of the proper math formula rendering.