Setup
MediaWiki 1.34.1
PHP 7.2.32 (fpm-fcgi)
MySQL 5.7.29-32
ICU 66.1
Issue
As you can see in this category the content is shown twice (also happening for all other categories. This is a newly created category.
First I figured it may be caused by changing the content model of the page not just once but several times as for this category however the error existing on newly created category proves me wrong. Deleting and restoring the category does not help, and since new creations of categories show the same behavior there is probably no need to test archiving the category as per suggestion in the docu.