The following file has a bugged thumbnail: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%B8%85_%E8%83%A1%E6%B9%84_%E7%8E%89%E5%A0%82%E5%AF%8C%E8%B2%B4%E5%9C%96_%E7%B8%BD.tif
A (much smaller) JPG works OK:
| TIFF | JPG |
 |  |
Description
Description
| Status | Subtype | Assigned | Task | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open | None | T43371 Thumbnail/imagescaler (tracking) | |||
| Open | None | T108517 PNG thumbnails issues (tracking) | |||
| Open | BUG REPORT | None | T289759 PNG thumbnail has wrong colors for a huge (>2GB) TIFF image file (fixed in upstream vips 8.10) |
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My guess is that the problem isn't the file size, but something to do with the colorspace. I don't think I need to do the calculation to say that this file is initially scaled by vips.
metadata
$ vipsheader badtiff.tiff (vipsheader:8822): VIPS-WARNING **: 11:36:55.016: Incorrect value for "RichTIFFIPTC"; tag ignored (vipsheader:8822): VIPS-WARNING **: 11:36:55.022: Incorrect value for "RichTIFFIPTC"; tag ignored (vipsheader:8822): VIPS-WARNING **: 11:36:55.024: Incorrect value for "RichTIFFIPTC"; tag ignored (vipsheader:8822): VIPS-WARNING **: 11:36:55.026: Incorrect value for "RichTIFFIPTC"; tag ignored (vipsheader:8822): VIPS-WARNING **: 11:36:55.027: Incorrect value for "RichTIFFIPTC"; tag ignored badtiff.tiff: 15575x38598 uchar, 4 bands, cmyk, tiffload $ exiftool badtiff.tiff ExifTool Version Number : 12.26 File Name : badtiff.tiff Directory : . File Size : 2043 MiB File Modification Date/Time : 2021:08:30 23:17:21-04:00 File Access Date/Time : 2021:08:30 23:22:28-04:00 File Inode Change Date/Time : 2021:08:30 23:21:59-04:00 File Permissions : -rw-r--r-- File Type : TIFF File Type Extension : tif MIME Type : image/tiff Exif Byte Order : Big-endian (Motorola, MM) Subfile Type : Full-resolution image Image Width : 15575 Image Height : 38598 Bits Per Sample : 8 8 8 8 Compression : LZW Photometric Interpretation : CMYK Strip Offsets : (Binary data 100658 bytes, use -b option to extract) Samples Per Pixel : 4 Rows Per Strip : 4 Strip Byte Counts : (Binary data 67549 bytes, use -b option to extract) X Resolution : 430 Y Resolution : 430 Planar Configuration : Chunky Resolution Unit : inches Software : Adobe Photoshop CS Windows Modify Date : 2009:05:13 15:09:09 Predictor : Horizontal differencing XMP Toolkit : XMP toolkit 3.0-28, framework 1.6 About : uuid:a00c0322-3f88-11de-9420-a4843377f42b Native Digest : 36864,40960,40961,37121,37122,40962,40963,37510,40964,36867,36868,33434,33437,34850,34852,34855,34856,37377,37378,37379,37380,37381,37382,37383,37384,37385,37386,37396,41483,41484,41486,41487,41488,41492,41493,41495,41728,41729,41730,41985,41986,41987,41988,41989,41990,41991,41992,41993,41994,41995,41996,42016,0,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,30;682E33D3FA2231FFF275E82C21E7D936 Color Mode : CMYK ICC Profile Name : Ep9600-02-LiaoBoJuan-071019 History : Orientation : Horizontal (normal) Create Date : 2009:05:13 15:09:09+08:00 Creator Tool : Adobe Photoshop CS Windows Metadata Date : 2009:05:13 15:09:09+08:00 Instance ID : uuid:97AAA84AC4C5DD11933CA5C2CAEDCD63 Derived From Instance ID : uuid:E9D80E5CC6E311DDAE7DAF4E8B560401 Derived From Document ID : uuid:96AAA84AC4C5DD11933CA5C2CAEDCD63 Document ID : adobe:docid:photoshop:a00c0321-3f88-11de-9420-a4843377f42b Format : image/tiff Current IPTC Digest : 8cd1cec100db56eee4951930207e3206 Application Record Version : 2 IPTC Digest : 460cf28926b856dab09c01a1b0a79077 Displayed Units X : inches Displayed Units Y : inches Print Style : Centered Print Position : 0 0 Print Scale : 1 Global Angle : 30 Global Altitude : 30 Copyright Flag : False URL List : Slices Group Name : 胡湄玉堂富贵轴-HX总-修裂缝 Num Slices : 1 Pixel Aspect Ratio : 1 Photoshop Thumbnail : (Binary data 4605 bytes, use -b option to extract) Has Real Merged Data : Yes Writer Name : Adobe Photoshop Reader Name : Adobe Photoshop CS Color Space : Uncalibrated Exif Image Width : 15575 Exif Image Height : 38598 Profile CMM Type : Apple Computer Inc. Profile Version : 4.1.0 Profile Class : Output Device Profile Color Space Data : CMYK Profile Connection Space : Lab Profile Date Time : 2007:10:19 06:59:32 Profile File Signature : acsp Primary Platform : Microsoft Corporation CMM Flags : Not Embedded, Independent Device Manufacturer : Device Model : Device Attributes : Reflective, Glossy, Positive, Color Rendering Intent : Media-Relative Colorimetric Connection Space Illuminant : 0.9642 1 0.82491 Profile Creator : Unknown (LOGO) Profile ID : 0 Profile Copyright (en-UK) : Copyright by LOGO GmbH, Steinfurt Profile Description (en-UK) : Ep9600-02-LiaoBoJuan-071019 Chromatic Adaptation : 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Media White Point : 0.80209 0.82645 0.73715 Gray Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 1034 bytes, use -b option to extract) A To B1 : (Binary data 508444 bytes, use -b option to extract) B To A1 : (Binary data 294800 bytes, use -b option to extract) A To B0 : (Binary data 508444 bytes, use -b option to extract) B To A0 : (Binary data 294800 bytes, use -b option to extract) A To B2 : (Binary data 508444 bytes, use -b option to extract) B To A2 : (Binary data 294800 bytes, use -b option to extract) Gamut : (Binary data 76038 bytes, use -b option to extract) Image Size : 15575x38598 Megapixels : 601.2
Vips tries to scale the image, but libpng doesn't like the ICC profile.
$ vips shrink badtiff.tiff vips_result.png 35 35 vipspng: profile 'icc': 'CMYK': invalid ICC profile color space vips2png: unable to write "vips_result.png"
Then the T219569: libvips thumbnail generation fails for TIFF files with invalid ICC profiles mitigation kicks in, and forces vips to write the PNG using an sRGB profile. Something goes wrong there, and we get the off-color image.
Upstream fixed the root issue in vips 8.10, and the image renders fine in vips 8.11 (we're on 8.4.5 now, buster has 8.7.4, would have to wait for bullseye for 8.10.5).
I'd normally suggest something like using ImageMagick to convert the file from CMYK to sRGB, but I already had to get out the oomkiller just trying to run display badtiff.tiff on my machine.