I'm seeing this in https://integration.wikimedia.org/ci/job/quibble-vendor-mysql-php72-selenium-docker/110151/console which caused gate-and-submit to fail.
This occurred previously in November 2021: T292729: TAR_ENTRY_ERROR ENOSPC: no space left on device
But I have no idea if it is the same cause, so I created a new phab ticket.