The two parsers render
__NOINDEX__== Heading ==
differently. The core parser renders a heading, while Parsoid renders the raw wikitext (== Heading ==).
This syntax does exist in the wild; this bug report was prompted by a user on Discord asking why an SPI page looked weird in the mobile app.
This seems like the sort of thing that would have come up before, but I didn't see anything that looked the same in the "Known Differences" column.