Spike findings:
The use of a bottom sheet with UISheetPresentationController was investigated for this task. The experiments can be found on this branch prototype/image-rec-half-sheet. To test it, run the branch and click on the notification icon.

The bottom sheet satisfies most of the needs of the design, with one caveat: on iOS 15, we can only use the sheet in medium and large sizes. On iOS 16 and above, we can create a custom size to use the sheet dragged down.
The out-of-box implementation with a custom smaller size causes the sheet to be instantiated on the smaller size, which does not comply with the design. There's the possibility of tweaking the implementation to apply the desired behavior (open on the medium size and adjust to the larger or smaller sizes), but with the purpose of timeboxing this spike, the investigation didn't go further on this point.
A suggestion was made for the design team to eliminate the smaller size, in case we can't correctly use the smaller size.