TechWish's docker-dev README currently includes instructions on how to run parser tests from the host environment. However, this doesn't seem to include the Parsoid variations of the test cases.
For example (legacy parser only):
./modules/mediawiki/bin/mwscript tests/parser/parserTests.php --wiki=dev --file=/srv/docker-dev/mediawiki/extensions/Cite/tests/parser/citeParserTests.txt
Looking in citeParserTests.txt, you will see blocks labeled with !! html/parsoid. To demonstrate that these tests aren't being executed, try modifying the expected output. This should cause a test to fail but does not.
In theory, it should be as simple as adding the --parsoid flag to the parserTests.php commandline, but this results in a huge number of warnings like
Deprecated: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprecated in /X/mediawiki-core/tests/parser/ParserTestRunner.php on line 1150
This also causes a large multiplication of the tests—maybe the commandline can be streamlined.
During testing it would also be convenient to document how to run a single test case against Parsoid, for example --filter "<ref> with a simple template"