MediaWiki has several features that make use of multiple database connections. This includes features that need to query data across multiple wikis (such as CheckUser-GlobalContributions), that write data to a foreign wiki (such as Special:UserRight's interwiki mode the Stewards use) or that store data at the x1 cluster (Notifications (Echo), GrowthExperiments, StructuredDiscussions, MediaWiki-extensions-ReadingLists, ...). Just like any other features, they benefit from being covered by appropriate tests. Unfortunately, features depending on multiple databases cannot be covered by integration tests at all. This is because CI only runs in a single wiki mode.
In the past, the lack of support for multi-DB testing caused significant outages. For example, Special:UserRights's interwiki mode broke down for ~three consecutive trains, as neither developers nor CI had multi DB setup enabled (and tested for).
This task tracks adding the support for that testing to the CI infrastructure.