The HTTP server at https://apt-staging.wikimedia.org/ is fronted by our CDN cache, and that can serve stale content. We should change the Nginx settings in apt-staging2001 to add some HTTP headers that set a maximum cache time.
For example, I added a new package to apt-staging following this wiki page. The package was visible at https://apt-staging.wikimedia.org/wikimedia-staging/pool/main/w/wikireplicas-utils/, but other files like https://apt-staging.wikimedia.org/wikimedia-staging/dists/bookworm-wikimedia/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz and https://apt-staging.wikimedia.org/wikimedia-staging/dists/bookworm-wikimedia/InRelease were showing a cached old version, not including the new package.
As a consequence, running reprepro checkupdate in apt1002 could not find and import the new package.
Workaround: purging the cache following this guide fixes the issue but must be done for each affected URL.