I’m not entirely sure what the exact problem is, and when I tried to reproduce it now on testwiki I couldn’t reproduce it, but I’ll describe what happened to us on hewiki.
There is an AbuseFilter that checks whether an account is in a certain ip_in_range, and also whether (count(removed_links) > 0). The filter does not prevent editing, but it displays a warning to the user. (Special:AbuseFilter/76)
I don’t know whether there were issues with the filter in the past as well, but yesterday I discovered that in recent months editing from those IP ranges (for logged-out users) was almost impossible.
The reason is that the AbuseFilter detected every edit as “removed_links”, even an empty edit that didn’t change anything in the article’s source code. (And according to the logs there were also filter activations during autocreateaccount, I didn't delve into it to see what happened with that.)
Maybe there is a problem in the way we used removed_links. Anyway, there is another problem which prevented editing:
After the warning of the AbuseFilter was presented, a message was presented that a temporary account was created in the last 10 minutes from the same IP address, and therefore the edit cannot be performed. However, for an unclear reason if I switch to another tab on Wikipedia I do not see that I am logged into a temporary account so it's unclear whether this account was at all created. When I wait for 10 minutes, I save the edit again, receive the AbuseFilter warning and the situation repeats itself...