This came up in discussion over T420280. Passing an invalid token to a REST API request via Authorization: CentralAuthToken … header returns a response generated with an anonymous session (as if no "Authorization" was provided). Instead, it should return an error.
This would be consistent with CentralAuth's centralauthtoken query parameter for action API requests, and with OAuth's Authorization: Bearer … header for REST API requests, which would make our lives easier in the future.