I'm out of my depth here, so I'm speculating, but these items from the swift list look peculiar:

Prefatory note: The VPT discussion was archived and is now at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)/Archive_203#How_do_I_fix_non-uniform_image_scaling?

In T328875#8597942, @akosiaris wrote:

I am gonna resolve this, feel free to reopen though.

In T328875#8588188, @suffusion_of_yellow wrote:

This seems to depend on the IP I connect to:

I was the original person who found this problem, which is/was being discussed at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)#How_do_I_fix_non-uniform_image_scaling.
I was a little reluctant to open a ticket before we had full information, but here we are.

I should not have to do manual work to clean up after a bot. That means the bot is broken. It has made the page worse than it was without the bot. That's a bug.

You're saying it is "correct" for the bot to replace a dead link with
a link it claims is live but isn't really? That can't possibly be right!