I searched around and found a couple similar bugs, but wasn't entirely sure they were describing the same problem.
Here are some examples (found by going throught the first 3000 results of the search [intitle:djvu](https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=500&offset=2500&profile=images&search=intitle%3Adjvu) (unfortunately, Special:ListFiles [allows sorting by file size](https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListFiles&sort=img_size), but not by resolution):
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Congressional_Record_Volume_81_Part_3.djvu
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ten_Years_Later.djvu
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niva_1906-45.djvu
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niva_1906-43.djvu
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niva_1894-31.djvu
Note, particularly, how these seem to have been created the same way as other files which didn't have the same problem:
- the Congressional Record only presents this bug on its second version, which removed two duplicate pages; the original version shows up fine
- the scans of the Niva magazine are exceptions among the others found in the same categories.
- the Ten Years Later was reuploaded [under a different title](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ten_Years_Later_2.djvu) by the same user, and that one works well.