Just now puppet runs failed on every production host. Puppet was failing to fetch the facts from puppetdb on nitrogen.
First I did 'service puppetdb restart' on nigrogen. This command took a long time (maybe a minute) to complete. Afterwards, puppet runs were still failing with the same error.
Then I restarted nginx on nitrogen. That returned quickly, and puppet ran smoothly everywhere after that.
Let's track and see if this keeps happening.