I recently installed a MediaWiki 1.33 on a CentOS Linux release 7.6 Core and SQLite library was too old to meet MediaWiki requirements. This prevented any further installation (with the Web installer) although I didn’t want to use a SQLite database but a MySQL one.
In order to achieve the installation, I added $result = Status::newGood(); in includes/installer/SqliteInstaller.php, class SqliteInstaller, at the end of the function checkPrerequisites.
This was a temporary hack but it would be better to take into account that the SQLite engine is too old, and prevent further installation only if there is no other database engine.