https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&prop=categories&titles=Category:Duchy+of+Parma says:
{ "batchcomplete": "", "query": { "pages": { "49605012": { "pageid": 49605012, "ns": 14, "title": "Category:Duchy of Parma" } } } }
But according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Duchy_of_Parma, this category is a member of many categories (e.g., "Former countries on the Italian Peninsula").
Compare with a working example: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&prop=categories&titles=Category:Tourism+in+Illinois and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_Illinois. Both of these pages show three categories that "Category:Tourism in Illinois" is a member of.
It feels like categorylinks may not be getting updated? Job queue issue, maybe?