Category:Search extensions says
The Search extensions category contains articles on extensions that extend or modify the search behavior of MediaWiki. For guidance in writing and selecting search extensions, please see Manual:Search.
but then the page doesn't actually exist. It would be nice to have high-level documentation on this. Looking at CirrusSearch it seems like such extensions are supposed to a mix of hooks and subclassing, neither of which is easy to find or documented much even inline. Just having a list of the right hooks and classes with one-liner explanations of what they do would be a great improvement; having some examples would be even better.
It would be extra nice if the page also explained all the ways other extensions can interact with search (metadata in media handlers, content handlers etc).