Per T208494.
The Music Encoding Initiative's file format (.mei) is open source, as is the rendering software Verovio. Of the software mentioned in the RfC, Verovio also has possibly the most sophisticated online viewer/playback software.^ No MediaWiki extension exists for the format, to my knowledge.
There is no requirement to enable thumbnails or playback before it becomes possible to upload files to Commons; there was (I think) no expectation in the RfC that this would occur immediately due to the Community Wishlist Survey proposal for such not reaching the top 10.
^ This is somewhat misleading, as the LilyPond extension doesn't have interactive playback, Braille isn't really comparable for obvious reasons, and MXL doesn't exist – so essentially, it's a little better than the MuseScore online renderer, which is unfortunately closed-source, so we couldn't use it anyway.