The translate tag messes up the rendering of lists in tables. Specifically the first and second items aren't rendered as they should. See e.g. the first table on https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Lists&oldid=3314375. The same lists work outside of tables and I'm not sure if it's the translate tag specifically that causes.
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You need to make sure the list starts on an empty line (i.e. <translate> is on its own line, not following the table syntax on the same line). It behaves the same way without <translate> tags.
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I'm not sure what you mean by "It behaves the same way [...]". If I remove the translate tags it renders as expected. I tried a few different things on a test page and removing the translate tags or replacing them with other tags (table 2 and 3 respectively) worked. Adding a bunch of newlines in the head did solve it, but to me it seems a bit strange that that should matter.
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||<translate> <!--T:7--> * ..</translate>
is the same as writing:
||* ..
The latter does not work either. <translate> tags are preprocessed before parsing step, unlike normal tags like <table> or <b>.