SpecialCentralAuth uses UserGroupMembership::getMembershipForUser, which is given an userid and a database, but the database is ignored, which results in SpecialCentralAuth receiving incorrect results. An example is available at https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:CentralAuth/Dyolf77_TEST. The acount should have confirmed, oversight, sysop at commons, but that's not true.
A fix: Use UserGroupManagerFactory at https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-CentralAuth/blob/master/includes/CentralAuthUser.php#L2554, to get the DB-specific UserGroupManager.