When wgUseFileCache is true, views of action=history and action=view pages by logged out users will be cached. This means that the "empty" Accept-CH header isn't set as the cache will return the cached HTML from a file. The file cache code then sets the headers and returns the response.
CheckUser should set the Accept-CH header for these cached responses when wgCheckUserClientHintsUnsetHeaderWhenPossible is true.