When a logged-out user makes an edit, they'll get a temporary account. If the user disables cookies or writes a script, they can make up to 8 edits per minute, and each edit will have its own temporary account.
We have automated tooling like Cluebot, and, in the future, Automoderator, that means we should have pretty quick feedback in working out how many temporary accounts have edits reverted from the same IP address.
If we see X number of reverted edits from an IP address (regardless of how many temp accounts are connected with those edits), we could place a temporary block on temporary account creation for that IP address.