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Thanks @Mglaser for bringing this up. https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Caching is actually a fairly recently addition to mediawiki.org in its current form. I wrote it last year following a major refactoring and subsequent simplification of object cache entry points.

For the most part, our cache interfaces have been reduced to only three (local, cluster, and main). The actual number of caching layers as used logically by the application for different purposes is much greater and requires more documentation indeed. The manual page lists a few, but is far from complete.

See also:

• https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/php/classObjectCache.html#details (written by @aaron)