We currently have $wgEmailConfirmToEdit as an option to require users to supply an email address in order to edit. Per Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Account_security, it would be useful to be able to control this per user group or per user right. For example, if the sysop user group is configured to require a verified email address, then sysop user rights would not be available to a member of the group if that member doesn't have a verified email address.
Related:
T284166: Show a web notification when BounceHandler determines the user's email address doesn't exist
T391119: Notify privileged users that do not have an email configured