The menu select of OOUI cuts the text off and adds ellipsis for their options, I wonder if we could apply that to this situation.

Otherwise I can't think of a clean solution for the current layout, the translations can't be made shorter, given there is context around them?

You can set white-space: normal; in CSS on buttons that are likely to have long text and be displayed in tight spaces. OOUI supports that, and we did that for a few buttons in VisualEditor. For example, this button in the gallery dialog:

Change #1027124 had a related patch set uploaded (by Sjoerddebruin; author: Sjoerddebruin):

[mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue@master] Apply white-space:normal to buttons in preferences (T356467)

https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1027124

We could apply some margin or gaps at some point in a different task, but this is a lot better already:

Change #1027124 had a related patch set uploaded (by Bartosz Dziewoński; author: Sjoerddebruin):

[mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue@master] Apply white-space:normal to buttons in preferences

https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1027124

Change #1027124 merged by jenkins-bot:

[mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue@master] Apply white-space:normal to buttons in preferences

https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1027124

This is how the same fix would look on the recent changes, which doesn't make it much better imo. Is there a relevant task for the horrible icon spacing btw?

The icons don't look like that for me. That seems like a separate problem.

Change #1032093 had a related patch set uploaded (by Bartosz Dziewoński; author: Bartosz Dziewoński):

[mediawiki/core@master] RCFilters: Apply white-space:normal to a couple of wide buttons

https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1032093

After my changes: (I also tweaked the alignment when the button text is wrapped)

Change #1032093 merged by jenkins-bot:

[mediawiki/core@master] RCFilters: Apply white-space:normal to a couple of wide buttons

https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1032093