This epic addresses only the backlink messages, independently of T383763: Deprecate and remove cite_reference_link footnote mark i18n message that is not actually localized which addresses the footnote markers in article content.
All changes recommended in this epic must be coordinated with work in T383036: [Epic] Replace i18n written out backlink marker lists with a configurable autogeneration and T383041: Improve display of long lists of reused reference backlinks.
There are a number of i18n messages in the Cite extension that don't seem to be actually localized. See below. It seems it is better to eliminate these messages - I especially don't see a reason to let HTML structures be localized. In Parsoid land, we are relying on CSS to get different formatting and localization of citations. Eliminating unused customizations could simplify the CSS rules that need to be written and maintained in some cases.
cite_references_link_one
Default message: <li id=\"$1\"$4><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">[[#$2|↑]]</span> $3</li>
Purpose: renders a single backlink marker in the reference list. Also includes the footnote body text.
Known customizations: 54 sites customize this message to achieve,
- Change the "↑" character to "^" or "▲"
- Apply bold
- Add horizontal whitespace
- Suppress in print media.
- Remove backlink markers entirely.
- Optional direction parameter $4 is sometimes omitted, probably mistakenly.
Recommendation: styling can already be applied to .mw-cite-backlink . Should suppress in print media by default. Arrow character replacement is not easy at the moment and could be supported with an additional span or shifting the existing span to only apply to the arrow. Footnote body should be independent.
cite_references_link_many
Default message: <li id=\"$1\"$4><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">↑ $2</span> $3</li>
Purpose: renders a list of more than one backlink marker. Includes footnote body.
Known customizations: 52 sites customize this message to achieve,
- Same customizations as cite_references_link_one above
- Sometimes the list of backlinks is surrounded in square brackets, eg. "[a b c]".
Recommendation: directly reuse any customization mechanisms for cite_references_link_one, so that the arrow is customized the same way in both cases.
cite_references_link_many_format
Default message: <sup>[[#$1|$2]]</sup>
Purpose: renders individual backlink markers when more than one appears on a reference.
Known customizations: 99 sites customize this message to achieve,
- Switch to the "alternate" alphabetical backlink labels
- Style with bold and italics
- Style horizontal whitespace
Recommendation: Make it easier to select individual backlink elements semantically, eg. by adding a span around each one.
cite_references_link_many_format_backlink_labels
This is the focus of T383036: [Epic] Replace i18n written out backlink marker lists with a configurable autogeneration.
cite_references_link_many_sep and cite_references_link_many_and
Default message:  
Known customizations: 4 sites and 3 sites, respectively
- Replace with whitespace or comma list elements ("," plus "and")
Recommendation: boolean configuration to use existing l10n commaList .