Legacy parser output (from mediawiki.org article)
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3809392">.mw-parser-output .tpl-flex-gallery-perfteam{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:space-around}.mw-parser-output .tpl-flex-gallery-perfteam a.image{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;overflow-y:hidden;height:150px}.mw-parser-output .tpl-flex-gallery-perfteam.ve-ce-branchNode{display:block}</style>
Parsoid output (from mediawiki.org Flow page):
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3758719" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt1" data-parsoid="{"pi":[[{"k":"1"}]],"dsr":[0,25,null,null]}" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Main page talk notes","href":"./Template:Main_page_talk_notes"},"params":{"1":{"wt":""}},"i":0}}]}"><![CDATA[<![CDATA[<![CDATA[.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0.5em 0.5em 1em 0.5em;border-radius:0.2em;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 0.2em #999999}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title{background:#eaecf0;color:#000000;border-radius:0.2em 0.2em 0 0;padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title-icon{opacity:0.8}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title-corner{float:right;font-size:0.7em}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-content{padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em}]]]]]]><![CDATA[><![CDATA[>]]]]><![CDATA[>]]></style>
Specifically:
<![CDATA[<![CDATA[<![CDATA[ … ]]]]]]><![CDATA[><![CDATA[>]]]]><![CDATA[>]]>
This seems excessive and maybe by accident? Does it need CDATA at all, given there is no < in the content (which is the criteria Html.php uses).